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Bit Construction: Diamond bits have three major components: Therefore, to be cost effective a diamond bit must drill at a reasonable rate of penetration otherwise, the time lost in rotating would cancel out the savings in round trips. Diamond bits drill at lower penetration rates than other bits. The most important advantage of a diamond bit is that it drills more hole than any other bit over its rotating life, thus fewer round trips are required. They are used to drill hard and abrasive formations when they offer economic advantage over other types of bits. 1 Diamond cutter drag bit - design nomenclatureĭIAMOND BITS Diamond drilling bits are quite expensive and may cost three or four times as much as roller cone insert bits. Also, since drag bits are made of one solid piece of steel, there is less chance of bit breakage and leaving junk in the hole.įig. This feature is especially important in drilling small hole sizes, where space is not available for designing strong bit cutter elements and bearings needed for a rolling cutter. An advantage of drag bits over rolling cutter bits is that they do not have any rolling or moving parts, which require strong and clean bearing surfaces. There are two types of drag bits diamond bits and polycrystalline diamond cutter (PDC) bits. Drag bits drill by plowing cuttings from the bottom of the hole like a farmer’s plow cuts in the soil. DRAG BITS The design features of the drag bit include the number, size and shape of the cutting blades or stones, the size and location of the water courses and the metallurgy of the bit and cutting elements. Rolling cutter bits have two or more cones containing cutting elements, which rotate about the axis of the cone as the bit is rotated at the bottom of the hole. Drag bits consist of fixed cutter blades that are an integral part of the body of the bit and rotate as an unit with the drill string. It is, therefore, important for the drilling engineer to learn the fundamentals of bit design so that he can understand the differences among the various types of bits available.īIT TYPES Rotary drilling bits are classified according to their design as either drag bits or rolling cutter bits. The performance of drilling bits has a direct impact on the total cost of drilling a well. The drilling engineer is responsible for the selection of the best drilling bit for a given situation and the optimization of the bit operating conditions. The process of drilling a well requires the use of drilling bits. The various types of bits criteria for bit selection evaluation of drill bits and optimization of bit weight and rotary speed The purpose of this chapter is to introduce the engineer to OPERATING PROCEDURES OF ROLLING CONE BITS SURFACE HANDLING TRIPPING BIT IN THE HOLE TABLE OF CONTENTS FACTORS AFFECTING PENETRATION RATE BIT TYPE FORMATION CHARACTERISTICS DRILLING FLUID PROPERTIES TERMINATING A BIT RUN BIT WEIGHT AND ROTARY SPEED
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BIT DESIGN - CUTTERS - BEARINGS - BIT BODYĬLASSIFICATION OF FIXED-CUTTER BITS CLASSIFICATION OF ROLLER CONE BITS
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TABLE OF CONTENTS BIT TYPES DRAG BITS DIAMOND BITS